Company Profile

Chevron Corporation is a public multinational energy corporation traded as NYSE:CVX, headquartered in San Ramon, California USA. Chevron and was founded on September 10, 1879. CVX is one of the largest oil companies as of 2019. The company produced fuel products, base oils and process oils, lubricants, chemicals, aviation fuels and marine fuels. The company is engaged in hydrocarbon exploration and production and refining. 

 

Chevron Corp (CVX) Extended Graph Analysis

1. CVX CASH FLOW

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Net cash flow provided by operating activities	31,475,000,000	19,456,000,000	12,846,000,000	20,515,000,000	30,618,000,000	30,808,000,000
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	-4,999,000,000	2,815,000,000	25,000,000	-14,554,000,000	-13,699,000,000	-15,243,000,000
Net cash used for investing activities	-29,893,000,000	-23,808,000,000	-16,852,000,000	-8,201,000,000	-12,290,000,000	-13,468,000,000
Capital expenditure	-35,407,000,000	-29,504,000,000	-18,109,000,000	-13,404,000,000	-13,792,000,000	-13,897,000,000
Free cash flow	-3,932,000,000	-10,048,000,000	5,263,000,000	7,111,000,000	16,826,000,000	16,911,000,000

Facts:

• Net cash flow provided by operating activities were $30.8 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• Net cash used for investing activities was -$13.5 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• Cash provided by (used for) financing activities was -$15 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• Capital expenditure was -$13.9 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• Free cash flow was $16.9 billion in the trailing twelve months.

Explanation

• Net income and depreciation have a significant amount in cash provided by operating activities.
• Cash used for investing activities were investment in property, plant and equipment, and purchases of investment.
• Cash provided by (used for) financing activities were debt issued and repayment, and dividend payments.
• Capital expenditure is investment in property, plant and equipment.
• Free cash flow had less one percent increase from 2018 to the trailing twelve months.

Interpretation

CVX was able to provide cash from operations in the last five years. Moreover, the company was able to generate a free cash flow from 2017 to the trailing twelve months.

 

2. CVX BALANCE SHEET

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Total cash	13,215,000,000	11,332,000,000	7,001,000,000	4,822,000,000	10,345,000,000	11,755,000,000
Current Assets	42,232,000,000	35,347,000,000	29,619,000,000	28,560,000,000	34,021,000,000	33,988,000,000
Net property, plant and equipment	183,173,000,000	188,396,000,000	182,186,000,000	177,712,000,000	169,207,000,000	164,363,000,000
Total non-current assets	223,794,000,000	230,756,000,000	230,459,000,000	225,246,000,000	219,842,000,000	222,549,000,000
Total assets	266,026,000,000	266,103,000,000	260,078,000,000	253,806,000,000	253,863,000,000	256,537,000,000
Current liabilities	31,926,000,000	26,464,000,000	31,785,000,000	27,737,000,000	27,171,000,000	30,233,000,000
Non-current liabilities	79,072,000,000	86,923,000,000	82,737,000,000	77,945,000,000	72,138,000,000	70,463,000,000
Total liabilities	110,998,000,000	113,387,000,000	114,522,000,000	105,682,000,000	99,309,000,000	100,696,000,000
Retained earnings	184,987,000,000	181,578,000,000	173,046,000,000	174,106,000,000	180,987,000,000	183,783,000,000
Stockholders equity	155,028,000,000	152,716,000,000	145,556,000,000	148,124,000,000	154,554,000,000	155,841,000,000

Facts:

• Total cash was $11.8 billion in Q3 2019.
• Current assets were $34 billion in Q3 2019.
• Net property, plant and equipment was $164 billion in Q3 2019.
• Total non-current assets were $223 billion in Q3 2019.
• Total assets were $257 billion in Q3 2019.
• Current liabilities were $30 billion in Q3 2019.
• Non-current liabilities were $70 billion in Q3 2019.
• Total liabilities were $107 billion in Q3 2019.
• Retained earnings were $184 billion in Q3 2019.
• Stockholders equity was $156 billion in Q3 2019.

Explanation

• Total cash was erratic in movement in the last five years. It grows 14 percent from 2018. It represents 35 percent of current assets.
• Current assets were erratic in movement in the last five years. It represents 13 percent of total assets.
• Net property, plant and equipment represents 74 percent of total non-current assets.
• Total non-current assets represents 87 percent of total assets.
• Total assets grew 1 percent from 2018.
• Current liabilities represent 30 percent of total liabilities.
• Non-current liabilities represent 70 percent of total liabilities.
• Total liabilities was 39 percent of total liabilities and stockholders equity.
• Retained earnings was 118 percent of equity.
• Stockholders equity represents 61 percent of total liabilities and shareholders equity.

Interpretation

The balance sheet is liquid. The company’s current assets are sufficient for its current obligations. CVX is using more of the shareholders investment than the sources from creditors in the usual business operations. In other words the shareholders have more stake than the creditors in the trailing twelve months.

3. CVX INCOME AND MARKET

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Revenue	200,494,000,000	129,925,000,000	110,215,000,000	134,674,000,000	158,902,000,000	145,629,000,000
EBIT	19,726,000,000	-3,710,000,000	-6,216,000,000	2,480,000,000	14,446,000,000	13,295,000,000
Net Income	19,241,000,000	4,587,000,000	-497,000,000	9,195,000,000	14,824,000,000	13,264,000,000
Market Capitalization	211,347,120,000	169,378,000,000	222,190,000,000	237,783,000,000	207,010,000,000	202,588,000,000
Intrinsic Value	209,073,862,419	212,683,314,721	333,795,619,400	423,503,597,323	716,272,790,115	995,200,421,499

Facts:

• Revenue was $146 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• EBIT was $13 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• Net income was $13 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• The market capitalization was $202.588 billion in the trailing twelve months.
• Intrinsic value was $995 billion in the trailing twelve months.

Explanation:

• Revenue was erratic in movement. It was down 8 percent from 2018.
• EBIT represents 9 percent of revenue in the trailing twelve months.
• Net income was 9 percent of revenue in the trailing twelve months.
• Market capitalization was erratic in movement in the last five years. It shows a decrease of 2 percent from 2018.
• Intrinsic value was higher than the market capitalization by 3x in the trailing twelve months.

Interpretation

The company was able to generate sufficient revenue for the operation of the business in the trailing twelve months.

 

4. CVX FINANCIAL RATIOS

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	TTM
Asset turnover (average)	0.77	0.49	0.42	0.52	0.63	0.57
Return on assets %	7.4	1.72	-0.19	3.58	5.84	5.17
Return on equity %	12.65	2.98	-0.33	6.26	9.8	8.57
Debt/Equity	0.15	0.22	0.24	0.23	0.19	0.16
Return on invested capital %	10.92	2.45	-0.2	5.02	8.17	7.31
Interest coverage	0	0	-9.75	31.04	28.51	24.25

Facts:

• Asset turnover was averaging 0.57 in the trailing twelve months.
• Return on asset was 5.17 percent in the trailing months.
• Return on equity was $8.57 percent in the trailing twelve months.
• Debt/Equity was 0.16 in the trailing twelve months.
• Return on invested capital was 7.31 percent in the trailing twelve months.
• Interest coverage was 24.25 in the trailing twelve months.

Explanation

• Asset turnover indicates that for every dollar invested in assets, the company generates 57 cents of sales.
• Return on asset indicates that for every dollar invested in assets, CVX generated 5.17 cents of net income.
• Return on equity indicates that for every dollar of the capital that the shareholders invested, the company generates 8.57 cents profit.
• Debt to Equity indicates that the company has $0.16 debt for every dollar of assets.
• Return on invested capital indicates that the company generated a 7.31 percent return from the company’s investments.
• The interest coverage indicates that the company has the ability to make interest payments on its debt in due date.

Interpretation

The company has the ability to generate cash for its daily business operations. CVX is using more of the investors money than creditors.

 

5. CVX KEY EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Key Executive Compensation	44,239,015	46,489,214	57,690,075	64,632,139	55,846,538
John S. Watson/Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer	25,970,417	22,029,809	24,657,491	24,781,568	1,241,499
Patricia E. Yarrington/Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	9,781,357	7,379,867	6,541,425	8,152,053	7,159,079
Michael K. Wirth/Vice Chairman of the Board and Executive Vice President, Midstream & Development	8,487,241	8,123,840	9,129,645	11,669,681	20,640,623
James William Johnson/Executive Vice President, Upstream		8,955,698	9,416,320	11,024,515	10,925,982
Pierre R. Breber/Executive Vice President, Downstream & Chemicals					8,030,044
Joseph C. Geagea/Executive Vice President, Technology, Projects and Services			7,945,194	9,004,322	7,849,411

Facts:

• Total key executive compensation was $55,846,538 in 2018.
• Chairman of the Board and CEO compensation was $1,241,499 in 2018.
• Vice President and CFO compensation was $7,159,079 in 2018.
• Vice Chairman of the Board and EVP Mainstream & Development compensation was $20,640,623 in 2018.
• EVP Upstream compensation was $10,925,982 in 2018.
• EVP Downstream and Chemicals compensation was $8,030,044 in 2018.
• EVP Technology, Projects and Services compensation was $7,849,411 in 2018.

Explanation:

• The key executive total compensation represents 0.38 percent of net income in 2018.
• Chairman of the Board and CEO compensation represents 2 percent of the total key executive compensation.
• Vice President and CFO compensation represents 13 percent of the total key executive compensation in 2018.
• Vice Chairman of the Board and EVP Mainstream & Development compensation represents 37 percent of the total key executive compensation in 2018.
• EVP Upstream compensation represents 20 percent of the total key executive compensation in 2018.
• EVP Downstream and Chemicals compensation represents 14 percent of the total key executive compensation in 2018.
• EVP Technology, Projects and Services compensation  represents 14 percent of the total key executive compensation in 2018.

Interpretation

The company is spending less than one percent of its net income in its key executive compensation.

 

6. CVX LOBBYING AND CONTRIBUTIONS

PERIOD	USD	PERIOD	USD
2019	9,270,000	2008	12,994,000
2018	9,600,000	2007	9,030,000
2017	9,290,000	2006	7,480,000
2016	7,470,000	2005	9,490,000
2015	7,200,000	2004	5,220,000
2014	8,280,000	2003	4,620,000
2013	10,530,000	2002	4,620,000
2012	9,550,000	2001	1,519,296
2011	9,510,000	2000	1,680,000
2010	13,130,000	1999	2,040,000
2009	20,815,000	1998	2,969,825

Explanation:

The company has been lobbying and contributions to politicians yearly since 1998. A note from Center for Responsive Politics were quoted below:

“NOTE: Figures on this page are calculations by the Center for Responsive Politics based on data from the Senate Office of Public Records. Data for the most recent year was downloaded on January 23, 2020 and includes spending from January 1 – December 31. Prior years include spending from January through December.”

Interpretation

The company’s total lobbying and contributions in 2019 represents 0.07 percent of net income in 2019.

 

7. CVX FINANCIAL STRENGTH

DATA	USD
Working capital	6,850,000,000
Total assets	253,683,000,000
Sales	145,629,000,000
EBIT	13,295,000,000
Market value of equity	211,134,800,000
Book value of total liabilities	99,309,000,000
Retained earnings	180,987,000,000

 

CALCULATION

	Ratio	Score	Result
A – Working Capital / Total Assets	0.0270	1.20	0.03
B – Retained Earnings / Total Assets	0.71	1.40	1.00
C – EBIT / Total Assets	0.05	3.30	0.17
D – Market Value of Equity / Book Value of Total Liabilities	2.13	0.60	1.28
E – Sales / Total Assets	0.57	1.0	0.57
Z-Score			3.05

 

Formula: Z-Score = 1.2A + 1.4B + 3.3C + 0.6D + 1.0E

 

Explanation:

Z-Score is a statistical measurement that compares data points from different sets of data to find correlations. This measurement by Dr. Edward Altman is a significant measure in determining the financial strength of the company because it relies on different weighted financial liquidity and profitability metrics to come up with the overall score. This measure indicates the probability of bankruptcy.

Interpretation

Chevron Corporation. has a Z-Score of 3.05. Dr. Altman’s grading scale of 3.0 and above indicates that the company will not declare bankruptcy in near future. In other terms, the company is not close to insolvency. The main factors of this statistical measurement are profitability, liquidity, leverage and efficiency.

Overview

The company is capable of producing sufficient revenue for the operation of the business and able to produce free cash flow in the last three years.

 

Citation

https://www.chevron.com/about

https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/summary?cycle=1998&id=D000000015

https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/xnys/cvx/quote

Researched and written by Criselda

About the Company

Vestas Wind System manufactures wind turbines around the world. Vestas is an energy industry that install and service wind turbines. The company has more than 108 GW wind turbines in 80 countries.

Vestas is a Danish company founded in 1945, headquartered in Hedeager 42 Aarhus N, 8200 Denmark with more than 25,000 employees  Vestas is under Energy Sector and under Renewable Energy Industry.

 

Vestas Wind System A/S (VWS) Extended Graph Analysis

 

1. VWS CASH FLOWS

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,126,000,000	1,472,000,000	2,181,000,000	1,625,000,000	1,021,000,000	1,357,000,000
Net cash used for investing activities	-285,000,000	-425,000,000	-817,000,000	-407,000,000	-603,000,000	21,000,000
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	389,000,000	-360,000,000	-611,000,000	-974,000,000	-639,000,000	-249,000,000
Capital expenditure	-278,000,000	-368,000,000	-489,000,000	-491,000,000	-607,000,000	-733,000,000
Free cash flow	848,000,000	1,104,000,000	1,692,000,000	1,134,000,000	414,000,000	624,000,000

Facts

• Cash provided by operating activities was $1.357 billion in 2019.
• Net cash used for investing activities was $21 million in 2019.
• Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities was -$249 million in 2019.
• Capital expenditure was -$733 million in 2019.
• Free cash flow was $624 million in 2019.

Explanation

• Cash from operation had a growth of 21 percent in five years.
• Cash from investing activities, purchases of investments and other investing activities have a significant amount.
• Cash from financing activities were common stock repurchases and dividend payment.
• Capital expenditures are purchases of property, plant and equipment and purchase of intangibles.
• Free cash flow although erratic in movement in the last five years, it has a positive results year-over-year.

Interpretation

The company managed to generate cash for the operation of the business. Its net income is sufficient to generate positive operating cash flow.

 

2. VWS BALANCE SHEET

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Total cash	1,819,000,000	2,569,000,000	3,226,000,000	3,204,000,000	3,308,000,000	3,308,000,000
Total current assets	4,696,000,000	5,976,000,000	6,950,000,000	8,006,000,000	8,555,000,000	8,555,000,000
Net property, plant and equipment	1,132,000,000	1,279,000,000	1,329,000,000	1,247,000,000	1,318,000,000	1,318,000,000
Total non-current assets	2,301,000,000	2,611,000,000	2,981,000,000	2,865,000,000	3,344,000,000	3,344,000,000
Total assets	6,997,000,000	8,587,000,000	9,931,000,000	10,871,000,000	11,899,000,000	11,899,000,000
Short-term debt	604,000,000	0	0	0	0	0
Total current liabilities	4,357,000,000	4,805,000,000	5,627,000,000	6,533,000,000	7,405,000,000	7,405,000,000
Long-term debt	3,000,000	495,000,000	496,000,000	497,000,000	498,000,000	498,000,000
Total liabilities	4,618,000,000	5,688,000,000	6,741,000,000	7,759,000,000	8,807,000,000	8,807,000,000
Total stockholders’ equity	2,379,000,000	2,899,000,000	3,190,000,000	3,112,000,000	3,092,000,000	3,092,000,000

Facts:

• Total cash was $3.3 billion in 2018.
• Current assets was $8.555 billion in 2018.
• Net property, plant and equipment was $1.3 billion in 2018.
• Non-current assets were $3.3 billion in 2018.
• Total assets were $11.899 billion in 2018.
• Short-term debt was zero from 2015 to 2018.
• Current liabilities were $7.405 billion in 2018.
• Long-term debt was $498 million in 2018.
• Total liabilities were $8.807 billion in 2018.
• Stockholders equity was $3.092 billion in 2018.

Explanation

• Total cash increases year-over-year and has grown 82 percent in five years. Moreover, it represents 39 percent of total current assets.
• Current assets increases year-over-year and has a growth of 82 percent in five years. Further, it represents 72 percent of total assets.
• Net property, plant and equipment increased by 16 percent in five years. Further, it represents 39 percent of the total non-current assets.
• Non-current assets grows 45 percent in five years and it represents 28 percent of the total assets in 2018.
• Total assets increases year-over-year and has grown 70 percent in the last five years.
• There was zero short-term debt in the last four years.
• Current liabilities represents 84 percent of the total liabilities in 2018.
• Long-term debt represents 6 percent of the total liabilities in 2018.
• Total liabilities represents 74 percent of the total liabilities and stockholders equity in 2018.
• Equity represents 26 percent of the total liabilities and total equity in 2018.  

Interpretation

The company has a strong balance sheet hence current assets is greater than its current liabilities which means that VWS is capable of paying its current obligations when due time comes.

3. VWS FINANCIAL RATIOS

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Asset Turnover (avg)	1.13	1.03	0.79	0.98	0.96	1.09	1.08	1.11	0.96	0.89	0.85
Return on Asset  %	9.86	2.31	-2.25	-13.14	-1.30	6.20	8.79	10.42	8.60	6.01	5.02
Return on Equity %	21.77	5.10	-6.23	-45.88	-5.21	20.09	25.96	31.70	28.37	22.05	20.74
Financial Leverage (avg)	1.91	2.57	2.98	4.30	3.70	2.94	2.96	3.11	3.49	3.85	4.37
Return on Invested Capital %	21.23	5.69	-2.23	-27.28	-0.77	16.17	21.59	27.28	24.53	19.15	17.08
Interest Coverage	14.05	3.53	-0.28	-11.08	0.58	15.94	49.68	50.50	80.47	42.36	0.00

Facts:

• Asset turnover ratio was 0.85 in 2019.
• Return on assets were 5.02 percent in 2019.
• Return on equity was 20.74 percent in 2019.
• Financial leverage was averaging 4.37 in 2019.
• Return on invested capital was 17.08 percent in 2019.
• Interest coverage were 42.36 and 0.00 in 2018 and 2019 respectively.

Explanation

• Asset turnover means that a ratio of 0.85 indicate a dollar of asset generated 85 cents of net sales.
• Return on assets indicates that every dollar invested in asset it generated 5.02 cents of net income.
• Return on equity indicates that every dollar of shareholders equity VWS generates 20.74 cents of net income. 
• Financial leverage means that for every dollar invested in equity the company generated $4.37 in total assets.Further, $3.37 was borrowed. Furthermore, it indicates that VWS starts to get risky.
• Return on invested capital means that the company is making 17.08 percent over its invested capital. In other terms, for every dollar invested in capital the company generates 0.1708 cents.
• Interest coverage means that the company has the ability to make interest payments on its debt when due date comes. In other words, the company is making sufficient money from current operations to pay for current interest rates.

Interpretation

Financial ratios shows that the company is operating well its business except in the area of asset turnover which needs a little improvement.

 

4. VWS INCOME AND MARKET

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Sales	6,910,000,000	8,423,000,000	10,237,000,000	9,953,000,000	10,134,000,000	10,866,000,000
EBIT	558,000,000	859,000,000	1,421,000,000	1,230,000,000	959,000,000	898,000,000
Net Income	392,000,000	685,000,000	965,000,000	894,000,000	684,000,000	640,000,000
Market Capitalization	8,164,000,000	15,513,000,000	14,491,000,000	14,000,000,000	14,872,000,000	14,472,000,000
Intrinsic Value	7,635,146,286	26,442,872,224	15,639,413,893	24,227,525,567	50,141,478,405	15,344,024,990
EBITDA	935,000,000	1,249,000,000	1,718,000,000	1,628,000,000	1,390,000,000	871,000,000

Facts

• Sales was $10.866 billion in 2019.
• EBIT was $898 million in 2019.
• Net income was $640 million in 2019.
• Market capitalization was $14.472 billion in 2019.
• Intrinsic value was $15.3 billion in 2019.
• EBITDA was $871 million in 2019.

Explanation

• Sales has a growth of 57 percent in five years.
• EBIT increased by 61 percent in five years and it represents 8 percent of sales.
• Net income grew 63 percent in five years and it represents 6 percent of sales.
• Market capitalization increased by 77 percent in the last five years.
• Intrinsic value was greater by 6 percent against market capitalization.
• EBITDA decreased 7 percent in five years. It represents 8 percent of sales.

Interpretation

The company had not seen any negative bottomline in the last five years, although it decreases year-over-year from 2017 to 2019 at an average rate of 12 percent. 

 

5. VWS BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMPENSATION

TOTAL COMPENSATION (in DKK)

	2016	2017	2018
Bert Nordberg	2,100,000	2,200,000	2,143,353
Lard Josefsson	1,800,000	1,800,000	1,832,918
Carsten Bjerg	900,000	900,000	909,427
Eija Pitkanen	700,000	700,000	650,000
Henrik Andersen	500,000	1,100,000	1,100,000
Henry Stenson	700,000	700,000	483,888
Jens Hesselberg Lund	0	0	650,000
Kim Hvid Thomsen	700,000	700,000	650,000
Michael Abildgaard Lisbjerg	400,000	400,000	400,000
Peter Lindhoist	400,000	400,000	400,000
Sussie Dvinge Agerba	400,000	400,000	400,000
Torben Ballegaard	400,000	700,000	650,000

Facts:

• Bert Nordberg total compensation was DKK 2.1 million in 2018.
• Lard Josefsson total compensation was DKK 1.8 million in 2018.
• Carsten Bjerg total compensation was DKK 909 thousand in 2018.
• Eija Pitkänen total compensation was DKK 650 thousand in 2018.
• Henrik Andersen total compensation was DKK 1.1 million in 2018.
• Henry Stenson total compensation was DKK 483,888 in 2018.
• Jens Hesselberg Lund total compensation was DKK 650,000 in 2018.
• Kim Hvid Thomsen total compensation was DKK 650,000 in 2018.
• Michael Abildgaard Lisbjerg total compensation was DKK 400 thousand in 2018.
• Peter Lindhoist total compensation was DKK 400 thousand in 2018.
• Sussie Dvinge Agerbo total compensation was DKK 400 thousand in 2018.
• Torben Ballegaard total compensation was DKK 400 thousand in 2018.

Explanation

• Bert Nordberg compensation represents 21 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Lard Josefsson compensation represents 18 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Carsten Bjerg compensation represents 9 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Eija Pitkanen compensation represents 6 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Henrik Andersen compensation represents 11 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Jens Hesselberg Lund compensation represents 6 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Kim Hvid Thomsen compensation represents 6 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Michael Abildgaard Lisbjerg compensation represents 4 percent of the total compensation.
• Peter Lindhoist compensation represents 4 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Sussie Dvinge Agerbo compensation represents 4 percent of the total compensation in 2018.
• Torben Ballegaard compensation represents 6 percent of the total compensation in 2018.

Interpretation

The total board of directors compensation represents 1.6 percent of the net income in 2018.

 

6. LOBBYING AND CONTRIBUTIONS

 

TOTAL LOBBYING EXPENDITURES
Period	USD
2008	210,000
2009	150,000
2010	325,000
2011	310,000
2012	480,000
2013	220,000
2014	270,000
2015	270,000
2016	180,000
2017	540,000
2018	390,000
2019	250,000

Facts:

• Total lobbying expenditures in 2008 was $210 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2009 was $150 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2010 was $325 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2011 was $310 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2012 was $480 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2013 was $220 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2014 was $270 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2015 was $270 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2016 was $180 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2017 was $540 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2018 was $390 thousand.
• Total lobbying expenditures in 2019 was $250 thousand.

Explanation

The company is spending a yearly lobbying from 2008 to 2019.  A statement from OpenSecret stated that, all lobbying expenses report came from the Senate Office of Public Records. The data for the most recent years was downloaded on September 19, 2019.

 

7. VWS FINANCIAL STRENGTH

DATA:

	EUR
Working capital	1,150,000,000
Total assets	11,899,000,000
Sales	10,866,000,000
EBIT	959,000,000
Market value of equity	14,472,000,000
Book value of total liabilities	8,807,000,000
Retained earnings	3,042,000,000

CALCULATION

	Ratio	Score	Result
A – Working Capital / Total Assets	0.10	1.20	0.12
B – Retained Earnings / Total Assets	0.26	1.40	0.36
C – EBIT / Total Assets	0.08	3.30	0.27
D – Market Value of Equity / Book Value of Total Liabilities	1.64	0.60	0.99
E – Sales / Total Assets	0.91	1.0	0.91
Z-Score			2.64

Formula: Z-Score = 1.2A + 1.4B + 3.3C + 0.6D + 1.0E

Explanation

Z-Score is a statistical measurement that compare data points from different sets of data to find correlations. This measurement by Dr. Edward Altman is a significant measure in determining the financial strength of the company because it relies on different weighted financial liquidity and profitability metrics to come up with the overall score. This measure indicates the probability of bankruptcy.

Interpretation

The result of the calculated Z-Score of VWS was 2.64. Dr. Edward Altman indicate that a grading scale of 1.8 to 3 tells us that the company will likely declare bankruptcy in the near future.

There are four main categories in the calculation of Z-Score namely, the profitability or the return on investment, liquidity, leverage and the operating or efficiency.

Hence this calculation relies on different metrics this is a significant measure in determining the financial strength of the company.

CITATION

https://www.vestas.com/

https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/summary?cycle=2019&id=F318846

Researched and written by Criselda